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At present, clinical studies are the main research means to reveal e-cigarettes and chronic respiratory diseases

(National Institute on Drug Abuse) 82.9% of teen and young adult e-cigarette users use flavored products when vaping

These results demonstrate that low-dose PNE alters the development of the corticosteroid dopamine system in a manner that may underlie clinical deficits seen in adolescents such as increased incidence of substance abuse

Importantly, cigarette smoke could induce oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids through various mechanisms, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, amino acid oxidation, inorganic enzyme cofactor oxidation, etc