It reflects the cycle of addiction, where individuals make repeated attempts to quit but find themselves unable to overcome their tobacco dependence
Because beta adrenaline can stimulate tissue remodeling, nicotine promotes myocardial remodeling through sustained sympathetic activation, thereby increasing the risk of heart failure [23]
The 2022 NHS found that among people who reported smoking daily, the average number of cigarettes consumed was 11.8 per day
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