For the purpose of this discussion, we will focus on substances that are commonly referred to as gateway drugs: caffeine alcohol tobacco marijuana Caffeine Image 4.2 Hot Coffee in a White Mug Surrounded by Coffee Beans on a Wood Table History and Background Caffeine is a bitter substance that occurs naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, kola nuts (used to flavor soft-drink colas), and cacao pods (used to make chocolate products)
[19] Clarke, A Dissertation on the Use and Abuse of Tobacco , 7
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Our recommendations for reform are drawn from a recent report for the American Enterprise Institute, Regulating the Tobacco and Nicotine Market in the American Public Interest: A Reform Agenda for the FDA (September 2025), by Sally Satel, Clive Bates, Don Kenkel, and Brad Rodu