what are the physical effects of tobacco Addiction Guide: Symptoms, Risks & Recovery Effects of Tobacco Smoking Poster

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The volunteers underwent an "incremental cycle exercise test" and their heart, breathing and blood lactate rates were measured at each stage "until they reached their maximum." Test results showed that both vaping and smoking groups had significantly reduced fitness levels and oxygen uptake by approximately 15%, according to the study

There are multiple caveats to the criticisms above, as well as additional points of concern

Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both joint and individually: a placebo-controlled trial