Nicotine was measured by first collecting the smoke from each cigar with a smoking machine in the laboratory, which smoked the product using two different methods to account for the different ways people smoke
Most of the genetic data in the study is from people with European ancestries, so the machine learning model had to be tailored to not only study that data, but also a smaller data set of around 150,000 people with Asian, African or American ancestries
Unlike traditional regression approaches, quantile g-computation allowed us to assess the joint influence of multiple environmental exposures, capturing their cumulative and potentially synergistic effects
Zhao D, Aravindakshan A, Hilpert M, Olmedo P, Rule AM, Navas-Acien A, Aherrera A