the addictive ingredient of cigarette smoking is Compound Interest: Chemicals in Smoke & Their Effects What is nicotine dependence? Nicotine

& Jacob, P.) 421488 (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1999)

Cancer risk and chewing tobacco Users of snuff and chewing tobacco are at an increased risk for certain types of cancer, most notably cancer of the oral cavity including cancers of the following: Cheek Gums Lips Tongue Floor and roof of the mouth Some studies have suggested a link between the use of chewing tobacco and the development of the following: Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Stomach cancer Other health risks of chewing tobacco Those who use chewing tobacco have an increased risk of the following: Developing gum diseases and gum recession (pulling away of the gum tissue from the teeth) Leukoplakia (whitish patches inside the mouth that can become cancerous) Abrasion (wearing down) of teeth Staining of teeth Tooth decay Tooth loss All of the above have been linked to chewing tobacco use

[40] While smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day has been shown to worsen the symptoms of Crohn's disease, [41] smoking has been shown to actually lower the prevalence of ulcerative colitis

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