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Arthritis Care Res 9(4):292301 Szychlinska MA, Imbesi R, Castrogiovanni P, Guglielmino C, Ravalli S, Di Rosa M et al (2019) Assessment of vitamin D supplementation on articular cartilage morphology in a young healthy sedentary rat model
Furthermore, several metabolites, such as bilirubin and melatonin, have antioxidant effects [60, 61]
These ICI-related inflammatory toxicities are distinct from those associated with other systemic cancer therapies.3 The risk of an ICI affecting any organ is as high as 86% for a CTLA-4 inhibitor and 82% for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents.1 Oftentimes, the adverse events (AEs) are not clinically severe,4 5 however, between 14% and 29% of patients experience Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 3 or 4 irAEs, depending on the ICI agent.6 In rare cases, multiple organs may be simultaneously affected7 8 (figure 2)