GI motility (preclinical/early): Ipamorelin showed pro-motility effects on the gut via GHS-R1a, the basis of its failed postoperative-ileus trial [5]
Furthermore, smoking can exacerbate RA conditions by increasing the levels of rheumatoid antibodies, inducing coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders, and leading to the formation of rheumatoid nodules and secondary lung lesions [23, 38]
Traditionally, this activation was attributed to inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, which raises the AMP:ATP ratio (LaMoia and Shulman, 2021
Controlled human trials exist, but they're limited in size, focused mostly on topical cosmetic use, and usually last only a few weeks or months. That means a lot of the exciting claims, especially around gene expression, systemic repair, and anti-aging effects, haven't been confirmed in large-scale human studies