4.5 Serine, glycine, and threonine Serine, glycine, and threonine are closely linked to one-carbon metabolism within the metabolic network and determine the metabolic module of one-carbon metabolism-nucleotide synthesis-methyl donor generation-redox homeostasis. Unlike arginine or tryptophan, which are more oriented toward regulation through the effector molecule/receptor signaling axis, these amino acids more commonly influence inflammation-related gene expression and epigenetic states by affecting processes such as nucleotide synthesis, NADPH supply, and methyl donor generation ( Serine (Ser) can be obtained exogenously or synthesized from glycolytic intermediates through the serine synthesis pathway, in which 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is the key rate-limiting step ( + accumulation and its downstream sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/SIRT3 axis, thereby exhibiting an inhibitory effect on inflammatory output (65)
Eur J Biochem 133, 5169 (1983)
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