Summary Keywords Zingiber species, Alpinia species, gingerols, zerumbone, immunomodulatory, signaling pathways Citation Yuandani, Jantan I, Haque MA, Rohani AS, Nugraha SE, Salim E, Septama AW, Juwita NA, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Utami DS and Ibrahim S (2023) Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of Zingiber and Alpinia species: a review
mTOR is a central serine/threonine protein kinase which regulates cellular metabolism in response to growth factors, stress signals, etc
FA is known to combat the negative effects of inflammatory-inducing free radicals
Glutathione intravenous (IV) therapy is gaining attention for its potential health benefits, particularly in combating oxidative stress, supporting liver detoxification, boosting immune function, and managing inflammation-related disorders