In models stimulated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-1, PBM significantly suppressed the expression of key matrix-degrading enzymes (such as ADAMTS5 and MMP-13) and the pro-inflammatory factor TNF- (44)
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Dietary modifications are often the most effective first-line approach: Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than large portions, as this reduces the burden on delayed gastric emptying Avoid high-fat foods , which are slower to digest and may exacerbate feelings of fullness and discomfort Reduce intake of spicy, acidic, or heavily seasoned foods that may irritate the gastrointestinal tract Limit carbonated beverages , which can increase bloating and abdominal distension Eat slowly and chew thoroughly to aid digestion and reduce the volume of air swallowed Stay well hydrated , particularly if experiencing diarrhoea, but avoid drinking large volumes with meals Timing considerations can also help
First-in-human clinical trials, also known as FIH trials, are studies during which a drug is administered to humans for the first time after its testing in in vitro and in vivo preclinical, experimental models
