Common gastrointestinal effects include: Bloating and gas : Increased fermentation activity from probiotic bacteria can produce excess intestinal gas, causing abdominal distension and discomfort Mild diarrhea or loose stools : Changes in gut flora composition may temporarily alter bowel habits Abdominal cramping : Some individuals experience mild to moderate cramping as their digestive system adapts Nausea : Less common but reported, particularly when supplements are taken on an empty stomach These symptoms are generally mild, self-limiting, and often resolve within days to weeks as the microbiome equilibrates
doi: 10.1111/dom.14242 17 SvenssonCKLarsenJRVedtofteLJakobsenMSLJespersenHRJakobsenMIet al
Conflict of interest DK has received research support from Sanofi, Tanabe Pharma, Terumo, Behringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Kirin, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical and Takeda Pharmaceutical as well as speaker honoraria from Novo Nordisk Pharma, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceutical
It is recommended to consume them 30 minutes after physical activity
