Where the component evidence is strongest and weakest GHK-Cu is the best-characterized of the four, with a substantial mechanistic and topical-skincare literature behind it which makes it a reasonable anchor to build a blend around
Mitochondrial Sirt3, also diminished in DN (158), preserves redox balance through SOD2/CAT activation via FoxO3a (159), sustains AMPK/mTOR signaling to limit autophagy-driven ferroptosis (160), and cooperates with UCP2/PGC1 to maintain mitochondrial integrity (161)
In educational frameworks, DSIP is positioned at most for the patient with documented, persistent sleep-architecture problems who has genuinely failed sleep hygiene, CBT-I, and melatonin, and who explicitly understands they would be engaging with something investigational rather than a validated treatment
Should You Take Supplements for Anxiety