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2.13 Subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice Tumor-bearing mice were monitored daily, and humane endpoints were strictly applied

Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., and Schroder, J.M., J

However, in terms of immune system effects, there is limited evidence indicating that DPP4 inhibition impairs immune function

To keep the bacterial count low, the small intestine employs its motility to sweep bacteria along, mucus, and antibacterial molecules secreted in the gastric acid, biliary juice, as well as substances produced by the commensal microflora and epithelial cells, such as Paneth cells. source Summary: The small intestine has built in defenses to keep bacterial overgrowth at bay