A large number of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), ROS and T cell activation secretion regulator can infiltrate into the renal capsule from an abnormal glomerulus and destroy the function of the renal tubules ( Hyperglycemia, AGEs, mitochondrial oxidative stress and ultrafiltration cytokines act on renal tubular cells and trigger multiple cellular pathways such as PKC-, -, and -, NF-B, P38 and ERK1/2 pathways, further exacerbating renal tubular cell hypertrophy, apoptosis, and accumulation of tubulointerstitial inflammatory factors ( in vitro study has shown that high glucose induces the expression of TLR4 in PTECs through the activation of PKC, resulting in the upregulation of CCL-2 and IL-6 expression
(2) AHK-Cu: Barrier repair: upregulates the expression of filaggrin and enhances the water-locking ability of the stratum corneum
Protein concentration was determined using a BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States)
Sacharomyces cerevisiae /ura3 strain BY4742 was used as eukaryotic host and transformed with pYES-DEST-CFP-YliB-YFP sequences
