Through active navigation, intelligent recognition, and on-demand execution, nanorobots perform critical tasks at cellular and subcellular levels, such as tumor boundary identification, local hemostasis, thermal therapy, chemotherapy drug delivery, minimally invasive removal, and closed-loop efficacy feedback ( Despite these advancements, challenges remain for nanorobots, especially in areas such as stable propulsion within the body, real-time imaging of deep tissues, and precise remote control, particularly when confronted with the last mile technical bottleneck
Funding This work was supported by Shanghai Pudong Commission of Health and Family Planning (PWRd2016-12) to YZ, Talents Training Program of the Seventh Peoples Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (XX2020-19) to LC
The pulsatile gonadorelin pump induces earlier spermatogenesis than cyclical gonadotropin therapy in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism men
75 Ramos-MontoyaA.LeeW